Understanding Well Water Systems
Key Components
Well Casing: A pipe that maintains the well's structure and prevents contamination.
Well Cap: Seals the well to prevent surface contaminants.
Well Screen: Filters out sediment while allowing water to flow through.
Well Pump: Pumps water from the well; types include jet pumps for shallow wells and submersible pumps for deeper wells.
Pressure Tank: Maintains water pressure and provides a reservoir to reduce pump cycling.
Pressure Switch: Regulates pump operation based on water pressure
A water well is a structure created to access groundwater. Modern wells use pumps to draw water, offering a reliable and efficient water source. When water is used in your home, the pressure tank releases water until the pressure drops. The pressure switch activates the well pump to refill the tank. The system continues this cycle to ensure a steady water supply.
Understanding Septic Systems
A septic system manages wastewater by treating it underground through two main components: the septic tank and the disposal field. The septic tank, an underground container, separates solid waste from wastewater; heavier solids settle to the bottom and are broken down into sludge by bacteria, while lighter materials form a scum layer on top. The clearer water then flows into the disposal field, designed to filter and treat the wastewater as it disperses through layers of soil and stone. Although septic systems are built to last, they will eventually fail.
Key Maintenance Tips
Pump Regularly: Have your septic tank pumped every 1-3 years.
Inspect Tank Construction: Ensure the tank has a functioning elbow pipe or baffle wall to prevent excessive sludge from entering the disposal field.
Avoid Additives: Do not use chemical additives or yeast for sludge digestion, as these can clog the field and are not a substitute for regular pumping.
Proper Waste Disposal: Avoid disposing of chemicals, oils, and non-biodegradable items in the septic system. Garbage disposals can increase sludge.
Care for Your Disposal Field
Prevent Surface Water: Ensure the field is properly graded to avoid pooling water and direct drainage from other sources.
Water Conservation: Fix leaking fixtures, use water-saving devices, and manage water use to prevent overloading the system.
Protect the Field: Avoid driving over or building on the field. Ensure the soil remains undisturbed and not covered by heavy materials or too deeply buried.
Signs of System Failure
Slow-flushing toilets or foul-smelling black water in drains.
Surface water pooling over the field or unusually lush grass on the field.
Nearby water bodies showing algae or weed growth due to untreated wastewater.